Advancements in technology and research have led to significant improvements in cancer treatment over the years. Multidisciplinary teams, including medical, surgical, and radiation oncologists, as well as other healthcare professionals, collaborate to provide the best possible care for cancer patients. These teams often work together to develop individualized treatment plans that may include a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and other emerging therapies.

SUBTOPICS:
·        Medical Oncology
·        Surgical Oncology
·        Radiation Oncology
·        Neuro Oncology
·        Pediatric Oncology
Advancements in cancer cell biology and genetics have led to the identification of specific molecular targets for cancer treatment, such as driver mutations or altered signaling pathways. This knowledge has facilitated the development of targeted therapies and precision medicine approaches, which aim to tailor treatments to individual patients based on their specific genetic alterations.

SUBTOPICS:
·        Cancer metabolomics
·        Regenerative cell biology
·        Host-pathogen interactions
·        Sarcoma
·        Cancer Genomics and Epigenetics
·        Cancer Metastasis
The type of malignancy, the location, and certain clinical problems all influence the choice of imaging modality. Each imaging technology has advantages and disadvantages. To achieve a thorough evaluation of the cancer, various imaging modalities may occasionally be combined.

SUBTOPICS:
·        Uses of imaging
·        X-Ray imaging
·        Computed Tomography (CT) scans
·        Molecular and Nuclear Imaging (PET and SPECT)
·        Radiation Risk
·        Cancer Biopsy & Surgical Cancer 
·        Ultrasound
·        Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
·     Digital mammography
Diagnosis and treatment of cancer involve a multidisciplinary approach that incorporates various medical specialties and techniques. The process typically begins with the identification of symptoms, followed by diagnostic tests to confirm the presence of cancer. Once diagnosed, a treatment plan is developed based on the type and stage of cancer, as well as the patient's overall health and preferences. Here's an overview of the diagnosis and treatment process for cancer
 
SUBTOPICS:
·        Chemotherapy
·        Radiation Oncology
·        Bone marrow transplant
·        Laparoscopic robotic assisted prostatectomy
·        Breast Reconstruction
·        Pediatric Hematology/Oncology
·        Pathology
·        Hematology
·        Nuclear Medicine

Advances in cancer research and treatment have revolutionized the understanding and management of cancer, offering new hope to patients around the world. Over the past few years, significant progress has been made in several key areas, including early detection, personalized medicine, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies. Researchers have developed innovative screening techniques and diagnostic tools that enable the identification of cancer at its earliest stages when it is most treatable. These advancements include liquid biopsies, which can detect tumor DNA in blood samples, and advanced imaging technologies, such as high-resolution MRI and PET scans, which provide detailed information about tumor characteristics. Personalized medicine has emerged as a game-changer in cancer treatment. With advancements in genomic sequencing and molecular profiling, oncologists can now analyze the genetic makeup of a patient's tumor to determine its specific molecular alterations. This knowledge helps guide treatment decisions, allowing for tailored therapies that target the unique genetic vulnerabilities of each patient's cancer. Precision medicine approaches have shown remarkable success in treating certain types of cancer, leading to improved outcomes and reduced side effects. Breakthroughs in immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cell therapy, have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in various cancers, including melanoma, lung cancer, and hematological malignancies. These treatments have provided long-lasting responses, even in advanced-stage cancers, offering new treatment options for patients who previously had limited choices. Targeted therapies have also made significant strides in cancer treatment. These therapies selectively target specific molecules or pathways involved in cancer growth and survival. By focusing on the unique characteristics of cancer cells, targeted therapies can effectively inhibit tumor growth while sparing healthy cells. The development of targeted drugs, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, has transformed the management of several cancers, including breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and leukemia
 
SUBTOPICS:
·        Cancer Biomarkers
·        Stem Cell and Cancer Therapy
·        CAR T cell therapy
·        Monoclonal antibodies
The unchecked growth and spread of aberrant cells characterises the complex and varied group of diseases known as cancer. It includes a variety of varieties, each with particular traits and therapeutic strategies. Breast, lung, colorectal, prostate, and skin cancer are typical cancers. Cancer is caused by a variety of variables, including hereditary, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Certain types of cancer are more likely to occur in people who have genetic alterations, whether inherited or acquired. Cancer growth can also be influenced by environmental factors, such as exposure to carcinogens like cigarette smoke, radiation, and certain chemicals. In addition, cancer risk can be raised by lifestyle decisions such poor eating habits, inactivity, and excessive alcohol intake. For prevention, it is crucial to understand the many cancer forms and causes.
 
SUBTOPICS:
·        Carcinogenesis
·        Physical carcinogens
·        Chemical carcinogens
·        Biological carcinogens
Breast cancer tissue is frequently analysed for the biomarkers ER, PR, and HER2 to aid with treatment decisions. A biomarker is any gene, protein, or other substance that may be detected in the blood, tissues, or other bodily fluids. Research on the possibility that testing for additional biomarkers, such HER3, could possibly be beneficial is being conducted in certain studies, but it is still in its early stages. When cancer cells perish, DNA known as circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) is released into the bloodstream. Identifying and evaluating ctDNA in blood for biomarkers is a rapidly emerging field of inquiry.

Radiation Therapy
Biopsy

Blood cancer affects how your platelets form and function. As blood is transported to the bone marrow, the majority of these illnesses start there. Micro impacts occur at an immature level, when organisms in your bone marrow develop into red, white, or platelets. Most blood illnesses result in the uncontrolled formation of a unique type of platelet, which impedes the normal platelet improvement process. These aberrant platelets, or dangerous cells, impair your blood's ability to perform numerous vital activities, such as providing infection protection and averting serious mortality. 

Lymphocyte
Remission

Head and neck cancer research has prioritised a number of areas, such as developing new therapeutic approaches, comprehending the molecular mechanisms behind cancer initiation, investigating targeted treatments, and enhancing patient outcomes.

Oral cavity cancer
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy Advancements

Neurooncology, which focuses on brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumours, has made great progress in understanding tumour biology, generating novel treatment modalities, improving diagnostic tools, and improving patient outcomes.

Spinal cord tumor

Advances in understanding the fundamental mechanisms of skin cancer formation, bettering diagnostic methods, investigating targeted therapeutics, and strengthening preventative strategies are just a few of the topics that skin cancer research has concentrated on.

Basal cell carcinoma
Melanonychia

Pelvic cancer can cause life-threatening complications and death if not diagnosed and treated promptly. The greatest chance of identifying pelvic cancer in its earliest, most treatable stage—often before symptoms appear—is to seek frequent medical attention. It may be possible to lower your risk of major consequences if you have pelvic cancer by adhering to your treatment plan. 

Pelvic tumor

Immunotherapy has significantly improved treatment options for many cancer types, but researchers are still looking for ways to strengthen the body's immune response to the tumour. The so-called STAb cells serve as the foundation for the novel immunotherapy. It has not yet passed clinical testing, therefore it will be at least two years before it is available to patients. 

CAR-T cell therapy

Cancer patients and their families receive emotional support and direction from oncology nurses. By providing counselling, education, and tools to improve quality of life, they assist people in overcoming the psychological and physical effects of cancer. Oncology nurses also help patients and healthcare providers communicate, ensuring that their concerns are heard and addressed. Palliative care and symptom management are crucial components of cancer nursing.

Oncology Inpatient Clinical Service Unit
Ambulatory Setting
Oncology Role Outside of the Clinical Setting
Survivorship/Palliative Care and Hospice

Cancer stem cells are a distinct population of cells within tumors that possess characteristics similar to normal stem cells. These cells have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into different cell types within the tumor. They are believed to play a crucial role in tumor initiation, growth, metastasis, and resistance to treatment. Cancer stem cells have unique properties that contribute to their significance in cancer biology. They have the capacity for self-renewal, allowing them to regenerate and sustain the tumor over time. Additionally, they can differentiate into various cell types within the tumor, contributing to its heterogeneity. These cells are often resistant to conventional cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, which primarily target rapidly dividing cells. Their resistance is thought to be due to their slow-cycling nature, enhanced DNA repair mechanisms, and increased expression of drug efflux pumps. The presence of cancer stem cells in tumors has important clinical implications. They are associated with tumor recurrence and metastasis, as even a small population of these cells can repopulate the tumor after treatment. Targeting cancer stem cells is therefore an active area of research, with the aim of developing therapies that can eliminate these cells and prevent disease relapse.
 
SUBTOPICS:
·        Stem cell mutation
·        De-differentiation
·        Metastasis
·        CSC-specific agents
·        miRNA expression
Women's health issues related to cancer encompass various aspects, including cancer types specific to women, screening and prevention strategies, treatment challenges, and survivorship concerns. Early detection through regular mammograms and self-examinations is crucial for improving outcomes. Women also face the risk of ovarian, cervical, and uterine cancers, emphasizing the importance of regular screenings such as Pap smears and HPV vaccinations. Certain genetic factors, such as mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, can increase a woman's risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers. Genetic testing and counseling help identify individuals at higher risk, enabling tailored screening and preventive measures. Treatment challenges in women's cancer care arise due to physiological and anatomical differences. For instance, breast cancer treatment may involve surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapy. Fertility preservation options before cancer treatment are critical for women of childbearing age. Additionally, gynecological cancers may require surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, or a combination, with considerations for preserving sexual function and quality of life. 

SUBTOPICS:
·        Gynecology
·        Obstetrician & Midwifery
·        Cervical Cancer
·        Endometric Cancer
The cancer drugs market has witnessed significant growth in recent years, driven by advancements in research, increasing prevalence of cancer, and a growing demand for effective treatment options. The market encompasses a wide range of drugs, including chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapies, hormone therapies, and supportive care medications. These drugs are designed to specifically target cancer cells, inhibit their growth, or enhance the body's immune response against cancer. With the advent of personalized medicine, there has been a shift towards the development of targeted therapies that are tailored to the genetic characteristics of individual patients' tumors, leading to improved treatment outcomes and reduced side effects. 
 
SUBTOPICS:
·        Oncology Drugs Market Insights
·        Oncology Drugs
·        Oncology Drugs Market Dynamics
·        Cancer Therapy Market
·        Intratumoral Cancer Therapies Market
Cancer therapy and research are integral components of the ongoing battle against cancer. Cancer therapy refers to the various treatment modalities used to combat cancer and improve patient outcomes. These treatments may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and hormone therapy, among others. The goal of cancer therapy is to eradicate or control the growth and spread of cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. Cancer research plays a critical role in advancing our understanding of cancer biology, identifying new therapeutic targets, and developing innovative treatment strategies. Researchers continuously investigate the underlying mechanisms of cancer development and progression, seeking to uncover vulnerabilities that can be exploited for therapeutic purposes. They explore novel drug compounds, develop targeted therapies that specifically attack cancer cells, and enhance existing treatment modalities to improve efficacy and reduce side effects. Clinical trials are a crucial component of cancer therapy and research. These trials evaluate the safety and effectiveness of new treatments or treatment combinations in human subjects. Through clinical trials, researchers gather valuable data on treatment outcomes, patient responses, and potential side effects. This data helps shape evidence-based guidelines for cancer treatment and informs future research endeavors. Cancer therapy and research also focus on personalized medicine approaches. Personalized medicine takes into account individual patient characteristics, such as genetic profiles, tumor markers, and treatment responses, to tailor treatment plans to the specific needs of each patient. This approach improves treatment efficacy, reduces unnecessary treatments, and minimizes adverse effects.
 
SUBTOPICS:
·        Cell Transplant
·        Immunotherapy
·        Synthetic lethality
·        Angiogenesis inhibitors
·        Nano-medicine Therapy
Survivorship after cancer treatment refers to the period following the completion of active treatment when individuals continue to live with and manage the physical, emotional, and psychosocial effects of cancer. This phase of cancer care focuses on supporting and empowering survivors to optimize their quality of life and overall well-being. Survivorship care encompasses several key aspects. Firstly, regular follow-up visits with healthcare providers are essential to monitor for potential recurrence or late effects of treatment. During these visits, survivors may undergo physical examinations, laboratory tests, imaging studies, and other assessments as necessary. Secondly, survivorship care addresses the long-term physical and emotional effects of cancer and its treatment. Survivors may experience a range of physical symptoms, such as fatigue, pain, neuropathy, and sexual dysfunction, as well as psychological and emotional challenges, including anxiety, depression, fear of recurrence, and adjustment to a new normal. Supportive care services, including counseling, rehabilitation, pain management, and survivorship programs, help survivors manage these issues and enhance their overall well-being. Additionally, survivorship care emphasizes the importance of adopting a healthy lifestyle. Encouraging survivors to engage in regular physical activity, maintain a balanced diet, avoid tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption, and manage stress can contribute to their long-term health and reduce the risk of other chronic diseasesFurthermore, survivorship care recognizes the unique needs of cancer survivors across different age groups and populations. It addresses specific concerns related to fertility and family planning, reproductive health, sexual health, and the impact of cancer on relationships and social support. In recent years, survivorship care planning has gained prominence. These plans provide survivors with a summary of their cancer diagnosis, treatment received, potential long-term effects, and recommendations for ongoing care and follow-up. Survivorship care plans facilitate communication between survivors, their healthcare providers, and other members of the care team, ensuring coordinated and comprehensive care. The field of survivorship after cancer treatment is continually evolving as researchers and healthcare providers gain more insights into the long-term effects of cancer and refine survivorship care strategies.

SUBTOPICS:
·        Survivorship Care Plans
·        Cancer rehabilitation services
·        Follow-Up Medical Care
·        Late Effects of Cancer Treatment
Advancements in genomic sequencing technologies have been instrumental in enabling personalized medicine. Genetic testing can identify specific gene mutations or alterations that may increase the risk of developing certain diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and rare genetic conditions. This information allows healthcare providers to develop targeted prevention strategies and design personalized treatment plans.

SUBTOPICS:
·        Health technology assessment
·        Genetic tests
·        Functional genomic research
·        Prognostication and Imaging
·        Breast neoplasms