Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in Australia, underscoring the critical need for early detection strategies. In response, the Australian Government is launching the National Lung Cancer Screening Program (NLCSP) in July 2025, marking the nation’s first new cancer screening initiative in nearly two decades.

The NLCSP is a targeted, evidence-based program employing low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scans to identify lung cancer in high-risk individuals aged 50 to 70 years. Eligibility criteria include a history of smoking equivalent to 30 pack-years, with current smokers or those who have quit within the past 10 years being eligible. Screening will be conducted biennially and is fully subsidized through Medicare, ensuring no out-of-pocket costs for participants.

The program is designed to reduce lung cancer morbidity and mortality by facilitating early detection when treatment is more likely to be effective. It integrates with the National Cancer Screening Register (NCSR) to manage participant data, issue reminders, and support follow-up care . Additionally, the NLCSP includes provisions for shared decision-making between patients and healthcare providers, emphasizing informed consent and personalized care.

Economic evaluations suggest that the NLCSP is a cost-effective approach to lung cancer control, with projections indicating the potential to save over 12,000 lives in its first decade of operation . The program’s implementation reflects a commitment to reducing health disparities, particularly among populations with higher smoking prevalence and limited access to healthcare services.

In summary, the NLCSP represents a significant advancement in Australia’s public health strategy, aiming to decrease lung cancer mortality through early detection and equitable access to screening services.